Valsartan
Indications
Valsartan is indicated:
- For hypertension
- To reduce hospitalizations in patients with congestive heart failure
- To reduce death in patients who developed congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction
Therapeutic Class
Pharmacology
Dosage
Hypertension: The usual dose of Valsartan is 80 to 160 mg once daily. The maximum dose is 320 mg daily. Maximum blood pressure reduction occurs within 4 weeks.
Heart failure: The usual dose is 40 mg twice daily and may be increased to 80-160 mg twice daily.
Post-Myocardial Infarction: The initial dose after myocardial infarction is 20 mg twice daily. The dose should be increased with a target of 160 mg daily if tolerated without side effects.
Administration
Interaction
No drug interactions of clinical significance have been found. Compounds which have been studied in clinical trials include Cimetidine, Warfarin, Furosemide, Digoxin, Atenolol, Indomethacin, Hydrochlorothiazide, Amlodipine and Glibenclamide
As Valsartan is not metabolized to a significant extent, clinically relevant drug-drug interactions in the form of metabolic induction or inhibition of the cytochrome P450 system are not expected with Valsartan. Although valsartan is highly bound to plasma proteins, in vitrostudies have not shown any interaction at this level with a range of molecules which are also highly protein bound, such as Diclofenac, Furosemide, and Warfarin. Concomitant use of potassium sparing diuretics (e.g., Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride) potassium supplements, or salt substitutes containing potassium may lead to increase in serum potassium. If co medication is considered necessary, caution is advisable
Contraindications
Side Effects
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Valsartan should not be used in pregnancy, as in 2nd and 3rd trimester it can cause injury and even death to fetus. When pregnancy is detected, Valsartan should be stopped as soon as possible.
Nursing mothers: It is not known whether Valsartan is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for adverse effects on the nursing infant, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Precautions
Impaired Hepatic Function: As the majority of Valsartan is eliminated in the bile, care should be exercised in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment including biliary obstructive disorder.
Impaired Renal Function: Dosage reduction or discontinuation may be required with patients having pre-existing renal impairment.
Heart Failure and Myocardial Infarction: Caution should be exercised when initiating therapy in patients with heart failure and post-myocardial infarction patients.
Overdose Effects
Use in Special Population
Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in paediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric use: No overall difference in the efficacy or safety of Valsartan was observed in this patient population, but greater sensitivity of some elderly persons cannot be ruled out.
Hepatic Impairment:
- Mild to moderate: Max: 80 mg once daily.
- Severe: Contraindicated.
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